Allele - a component
that carries the genetic information or traits that are contributed by the mother and
father, and occupies a specific position in a chromosome. Allele comes in pair which vary
in size from one individual to another.
Allele size - a factor
that is use in determining whether or not a match exist. This is indicated by measuring
the size of the allele in kilobase pairs (kbp). For example, one half of the allele pair
from the mother's allele was measured to be 2.75 kbp and the other half was measured at
1.25 kbp. Since an allele is in pair form, one half of allele size of each pair will match
the father and the other half of the allele size will match the mother. See Figure 1.
Chromosome - a
structure that contains DNA which transmits information. Human beings contains a total of
46 chromosomes contributed by one half from the father and mother.
Gene - the basis of
heredity, self-generating and located on an exact position (locus) on a particular
chromosome.
Locus - The location
of the gene in a chromosome
Paternity Index (PI) -
A devise of generating odds (Probability of Paternity - see below) for the alleged father
with a matching allele indicating that he is the true father of the child of interest. The
PI refers to the specific DNA probe use in DNA locus identification. Additionally, PI vary
in odds depending on type of probe use. For example, DNA Probe DC1 with PI 200 and DNA
Probe DC2 with PI 30 denotes one out of every 200 and one out of 30, respectively males of
same race will have similar allele size.
Calculating Probability of Paternity (PrP)
Formula; PrP (%) = (1/CPI -1) x 100
Example 1
DNA
Probes PI Value
A1 (15)
A2 (25 )
A3 (22.5)
A4 (60.3 )
Step 1. Multiply the PI Values, CPI; CPI = 15 x 25 x 22.5 x
60.3 = 108,781
Step 2. Plug the CPI value to the equation of
PrP (%) = (1/CPI -1) x
100
Probability of Paternity (PrP) = (1/508,781) -100 = 99.999 %
The Combined Paternity Index (CPI), which is done on a pool
base on race is derived from multiplying all of the PI's involved. The higher the value of
CPI, the more likely the alleged father is the father of the child. CPI is rated on the
following.
| CPI Values |
Rating (Likelihood of being the father) |
| 20-99 |
low |
| 100-399 |
moderate |
| >
400 |
very
high |
Probe -
a fragment from a labeled DNA used as a means of identifying certain locus DNA
Sample DNA analysis report
Dan D. Lion, a refugee from the island of Maldive was the subject of
scrutiny for fathering the child of the famous orange orchid flower smeller, Sonia
Sampaguita. Dan D. Lion denies the allegations that he ever touched this woman. He asked
that his guilt be proven. He agreed to a DNA Paternity analysis.
The participating parties of Hispanic race for DNA Paternity testing
include the child, the alleged father, and the mother.
The results are as follows;
Figure 1. DNA analysis result for the child, mother, and alleged
father.
Allele pair size (kbp) |
| DNA probes with corresponding
PI values |
Mother |
Child |
Alleged Father |
| DX1, PI 27.5 |
2.60 1.29 |
2.60 1.75 |
3.50 2.10 |
| DX2, PI 77.3 |
3.81 2.86 |
4.56 4.10 |
4.85 4.10 |
| DX3, PI 12.5 |
5.88 4.23 |
4.95 3.89 |
4.95 3.10 |
| DX4, PI 33.5 |
2.25 1.75 |
2.62 2.15 |
3.79 3.44 |
According to Figure 1, an allele size match occurs from the mother
and child having allele size of 2.60 using DX1 probe, and the alleged father and child
having allele size of 4.10 and 4.95 from DNA probes of DX2 and DX3, respectively.
To substantiate the allele size match findings, the following
factors of CPI and PrP were calculated.
CPI = 27.5 x 77.3 x 12.5 x 33.5 = 890,157
Probability of Paternity (PrP) = (1/890,157 -1) x 100 = 99.999 %
In conclusion, the alleged father is 99.999 % probable and 890,157
times more likely to be the true biological father of the child as compared to a
non-analyzed random male of equal race.
FEE SCHEDULE
1. Dual Participant (Required) DNA Parentage Analysis - Child, Father or Mother
Fee $365.00 ORDER NOW
2. Triple Participant DNA Parentage Analysis - Child, Father, and
Mother
- Higher Accuracy
- Greater Confidence in Results
- Recommended especially in legal situations
Fee $415.00 ORDER NOW
3. Re-analyzation of a Disputed DNA Parentage Analysis Result
Fee See Dual or Triple DNA Analysis Fees
4. Chorionic/Amniocentesis Testing - Call our lab at
614-459-2307 for information
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Specimen Collection
Local
- Please contact our lab at 614-459-2307 for appointment. There is no charge for
onsite (Columbus, Ohio ONLY) specimen collection.
In State/Out of State
- A buccal swab collection material along with simple instruction will be sent
to the participating parties. An extra charge for specimen collection is
required
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Payment in full in the form of cash, credit, check, or money order
please, is required at the time of visit. If for some reason you decide to cancel the
test, it is important to notify us within 24 hours after payment is made. However, there
will be a 15 % overhead charge for any refunds.
